Showing posts with label Architecture. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Architecture. Show all posts

Friday, December 12, 2008

Pakubuwono Lawyer Office [Work Experienced Project at Andra Matin Architect, 2005]


This lawyer office project finished at 2006, was also designed officially by Andra Matin Architect (Jakarta) on 2004-2005. In this project, my position here is a project architect. The client has a big popularity in law field in Indonesia. Their old office was located at the penthouse of one of the tallest building in Jakarta, Mulia Tower at the Sudirman CBD. They wanted to move their office closer to the ground. They built their office in one of the area which easily accessible to other main road in the sotuh of Jakarta. This office has four floors including basement parking plus roof garden at the top level. The concept of the interior is unusual for the lawyer firm by playing the height of the floors. Each level has two different heights and is separated by void to the ground level. All the rooms are transparent with glass as a partition so that the space looks bigger and wider.



The expression of the exterior try to match with the facade expression of building surround. This area, called Pakubuwono, quite famous with the identity of its building exterior expression. The area was a housing area for Dutch inhabitants and some rich Indonesian which has unique character for their house facade, called Jenky house. Using metal material as a mask this building try to translate that expression.



Materials used in this project are variable. However the image wanted to be expressed here is the natural material. By using the original colour of each material, the concept is want this building has a natural artistic image. Rust iron, wood and glass are dominant as a partition of every room whether office room and meeting room. The floor use white marble and concrete layered by carpet in the interior and wood and granite for the exterior. We also designed the furniture as it has to fit with the unique shape of each room.



We propose several other rooms beside main room for office activities. Entertainment and game room are provided in the ground floor area as the workers need to relax in their break time. The other unique characterisitic of this project is that small swimming pool is added in the first floor hanging with the big and strong concrete support it. From the entrance on the outside we could not see this pool as it is covered by the metal facade of this building in front. This swimming pool can be seen from the office room in the first floor or above. There is also garden in the deck of second floor.



When we enter this building, the space called “Laptop Bar”, parallel with the ramp will greet us. This idea is came from the bar that we use it as a space for guest or workers who want to use their laptop or have some small meeting. In the backside of this building you will find small garden as a void and also as a smoking room. It is surrounded by glass wall which the stair from basement floor to the top of the building is behind it. We also propose glass floor as it was designed as a small void before. Due to the strict cost and safety it was changed as a glass floor which also add the uniqueness of the building interior. 9 by 3 meter swimming pool is located in the front of the building at the first floor as it is can be seen from the office room next to it. This building was succesfully finished at 2007 when I as a project architect had left Andra Matin Architect at 2006. However I designed this project from the beginning until the start of the construction.



(except for the layout, all images are copyright Andra Matin Architects, 2005)




Work Description
Title: Pakubuwono Lawyer Office
Location : Pakubuwono, Jakarta, Indonesia
Status : Finished Project
Year : 2005-2006
Office : Andra Matin Architects, Jakarta, Indonesia
Team : Andra Matin (Principal), Sigit Kusumawijaya (Project Architect), Noerhadi (ext. Project Architect), Angie Miranti (Interior Designer), Heddy Poernomo (Model Maker), Asep Tatang (Drafter)

"Journey", Andra Matin Architects installation at CP Biennale 2005 [Exhibition Project for Andra Matin Architect, 2005]


The project led by Andra Matin Architect was exhibited at CP Biennale 2005: "urban/culture" held by CP Foundation (http://www.cp-foundation.org/) at the Bank Indonesia Museum in Kota, Jakarta from September 5, 2005 to October 5, 2005. This second CP Biennale has been designed to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the Republic of Indonesia and the 50th anniversary of the Asia-Africa Conference.

The curation of CP Biennale II, 2005 is meant to provide a clearer look at the social function of art, particularly in Indonesia. The Theme Urban/Culturesets forth a variety of issues: development and progress, social problems, economics and politics, as well as the matter of history. A seminar with the theme "Urban Reflection", which was held on September 6, during the CP Biennale II, 2005, deal specifically with the various dimensions of the problems facing urban communities.




Andra Matin Architects Installation: "Perjalanan (Journey)"

Dimensions vary

Installation

(architecture model, maquette/model, multimedia)









project #1: Gedong Panjang and Pluit Interchange under-toll road settlement
Ever since roadways in Jakarta multiply in dimension, I believe we need to start thinking about new spaces emerging around it. The team focused on studying the spatial typology of spaces beneath the flyover and came out with creative and realistic solutions.



Two sections of the flyover that circles around Jakarta have been chosen: Gedong Panjang and Pluit Interchange.



Each space has unique characters that clearly differentiate its core problems with one another.



Together, the problems will envisage the diverse problems that surfaced along with the development of flyovers in a developing metropolis like Jakarta.




project #2: Blok M - Taman Puring (Puring Park) strip
The ideas for the project emerged from an interesting phenomenon about spatial experience that will be seen if we can further explore our walk from Blok M through Taman Puring. There is a vivid differentiation of economic levels and an abundance of spatial experiences between Blok M area and Mayestik if we seriously develop the analysis from the walk.



There is an enormous potential of roadside street vendors. The secondhand electronic market, bird market, fruit market, flower market, fish market, food-stalls, and the two lush parks will form a coagulation whose presence, when unmasked from the roadside vendors lining up around them, will be felt more significantly by the people living around that area.



(except for the layout, all images are copyright Andra Matin Architects, 2005; photographs are copyright of Davy Linggar)



Work Description
Title: Perjalanan (Journey), Andra Matin Architects installation for CP Biennale 2005: "urban/culture"
Location : Bank Indonesia Museum in Kota, Jakarta, Indonesia
Status : Exhibition Project
Date : September 5, 2005 - October 5, 2005
Office : Andra Matin Architects, Jakarta, Indonesia
Team :
Principal: Andra Matin
Project Manager: Sigit Kusumawijaya,
Astrid Susanti
Team Members: Avianti Armand, Andi Pratama, Noerhadi, Patisandhika Sidarta
Photographer and video editor: Davy Linggar, Tintin Wulia
Panel Graphic Layout: Hermawan Tanzil
Model Maker: Heddy Poernomo and students from University of Indonesia
Students: Muttabati Arafatiani, Grita Anglila, Alexander Mario Rannu, Hardyanthony Wiratama, Anjasmoro Maroef, Andi Indra Utama, Paskalis Khrisno Ayodyantoro (Gedong Panjang-Pluit Interchange Team); Ronny Gani, Indhira Sagita, Jessica Patria, Marissa Aviana, Andi Indra Utama, Sony Sutandhi (Blok M-Taman Puring Strip Team)

Achievement:
* Exhibited and presented at CP Biennale 2005: "urban/culture" at the Bank Indonesia Museum in Kota, Jakarta from September 5, 2005 to October 5, 2005
* Published on CP Biennale official site: http://biennale.cp-foundation.org/2005/cpb_2005.html
* Published on Kompas daily paper

Thursday, December 11, 2008

WAREhouse [Work Experienced Project at Andra Matin Architect, 2005]


This project was designed officially by Andra Matin Architect (Jakarta) on 2004-2005. As a project architect, I tried to translate the client's will to have his house look like a factory. We call this house as a "WAREhouse" for its concept. This 200 m2 house uses many unfinished materials to represent the concept. For its facade it uses perforated metal material with rust iron finish to make a "HARD" image. Other materials that are used for this house is refined plaster cement finish for wall without color painted and also for floor to make the interior more natural. The material of door and window frame are also use rust iron finish that still remain the natural dark blue color of the metal. The ceiling uses exposed steel frame in the living room and exposed wood in some rooms.



Located in East part of Jakarta which known as its high tropical temperature, this house uses cross ventilation and two big voids to flow the wind across through the house. These big voids also make the interior looks wider even-though the site area is not too large so that their kid can play freely.



Many rust iron finished materials are used in this house to emerge its artistic image. One of the element that use rust iron finish is the stair which is protected by thin plate balustrade that stretch from the floor until the half of house height. The stair step uses perforated steel plate which is usually used for catwalk in the factory. The exposed steel frame on the ceiling is also remained the color as its natural color. The aluminum foil and glass wool is inserted between the ceiling and the metal deck roof on the top of the house to reduce the heat.



Grey become the basic color of this house as can be seen at the floor and the wall. Its floor is finished with smooth plaster cement with grey floor hardener material to make this floor look glossy and easy to clean. The wall is also finished by its natural grey color to emerge its artistic image.



This project also uses many sun light games to eliminate the electricity use in the afternoon. Transparent glasses are put in the wall that is adjacent to the outside. The purpose is to let the sun light come into the house as much as possible. The first floor child room which is also adjacent to the outside in front of the house use transparent glass too. However, the building face to South West direction that means almost get the sunset light directly from the west. To reduce the direct sunset light, near massive iron plate is used in the facade. But as it is said on the top of this page, this near massive iron plate is perforated to still let the sun light come into the room dramatically. The sandblast glasses are used in the private owner's room like master bedroom and bathroom. This sandblast glasses still can be opened to let the wind flow across the room.



The project was successfully finished within one year with not spend a lot of budget to build if it is compared with the normal house price in Jakarta. Instead this project budget is quite cheap than others which has the same wide. Both the architect and the clients are satisfied with the design and the house application itself. This project has also been published in several architecture medias in Indonesia, for instance RUMAH Tabloid on 2006, LARAS Magazine (Mei 2007), and at Kompas.com (http://www.kompas.com/read/xml/2008/05/05/11462630/membuat.rumah.bernuansa.pabrik).



All photos were taken by the photographer of RUMAH Tabloid. Some photos have already been published in RUMAH Tabloid edition 91.IV/25 July-07 August 2006. Thanks to Dekardha Dian of RUMAH Tabloid.


another link in Sigit Kusumawijaya Multiply site: http://sigitkusumawijaya.multiply.com/photos/album/48
this project has also been analyzed for the course of Territory (Grondgebied) [: Sun wind water earth life living; legends for design] (course code: AR2U070) in the MSc. of Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture, TU Delft, The Netherlands, 2006, in the site: http://sigit2006grondgebied.wordpress.com/


This project has been presented on Belajar Desain [Design Learning] Gathering #15 on 26 June 2005. The documentations can be found in this link: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/belajardesain/photos/album/1545024098/pic/list
Poster Design by Sigit Kusumawijaya


Work Description
Title: Anto Residence
Location : Pulomas, Jakarta, Indonesia
Status : Finished Project
Year : 2004-2005
Office : Andra Matin Architects, Jakarta, Indonesia
Team : Andra Matin (Principal), Sigit Kusumawijaya (Project Architect), Heddy Poernomo (Model Maker)
Achievement:
* Presented on Belajar Desain [Design Learning] Gathering #15, 26 June 2005
* Published on RUMAH Tabloid, edition 91.IV/25 July-07 August 2006.
* Published on LARAS Magazine, #221, Mei 2007
* Published on Kompas.com at: http://www.kompas.com/read/xml/2008/05/05/11462630/membuat.rumah.bernuansa.pabrik

Wednesday, December 10, 2008

Sigit Kusumawijaya panel for exhibition of Ninetyniners Joint Exhibition “Ours, 1999 – present: Architecture – Art – Photography


This is Sigit Kusumawijaya panel for exhibition of Ninetyniners Joint Exhibition “Ours, 1999 – present: Architecture – Art – Photography, December 4th-11th, 2003, 2nd floor Department of Architecture, University of Indonesia.

Black and red are dominant for the colour scheme of the panel.


Profile of Sigit Kusumawijaya for the installation.
Images and layout are copyright of Sigit Kusumawijaya, 2003



Poster for Ninetyniners Joint Exhibition “Ours, 1999 – present: Architecture – Art – Photography
Poster design by Sigit Kusumawijaya





Wednesday, December 03, 2008

Club House Semarang International Golf Course [competition project, 2004]


Indonesian culture that we want to introduce to the International users in this Club House is general Indonesian traditional architecture, three principle parts of the building, which is head part (roof), body part (wall), and leg part (column), modified and combined with the present contextuality in term of material, expression, and site location.




The blind of horizontal and vertical wood positioned in the front of the opening (glass wall) is designed to reduce the sunshine entering the building and possibly disturbing the visitors’ convenience.





This project has been presented on Belajar Desain [Design Learning] 1st Gathering on 17 September 2004. The documentations can be found in this link: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/belajardesain/photos/album/32900535/pic/list

Poster Design by Erick Budhi Yulianto




Work Description
Title : Club House Semarang International Golf Course
Location : Semarang, Indonesia
Status : National Architecture Design Competition
Organizer : PT. Putra Wahid Sejahtera and PKAK JAFT, University of Diponegoro, Semarang
Year : 2004
Achievement:
* 5 best nominee
* Presented on Belajar Desain [Design Learning] Gathering #01, 17 September 2004

Kemang Apartment [Work Experienced Project at Andra Matin Architect, 2004]


This apartment complex consist of 24 units, 6 for bachelor & 18 for family purpose.

Each units’ ground floor that directly connect with public space is used for functions that still allow visual intrusion from the outside like living room, dining room & pantry. Meanwhile the upper floor is used for functions with higher privacy like bed rooms.

The building mass is placed with disorder composition, very responsive to the existing condition and site border line.

The apartment units is designed to have differences one to another. some moduls on the ground floor can be similar, but on the upper floor there are some units that interlock one with another horizontally & vertically as well.



This internal condition is showed on the facade & building mass treatment, so that expression that happened is as different shape composition & material using.



(except for the layout, all images are copyright Andra Matin Architects, 2004)


This project has been presented on Belajar Desain [Design Learning] Gathering #02 on 1 October 2004. The documentations can be found in this link: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/belajardesain/photos/album/1585427728/pic/list

Poster Design by Erick Budhi Yulianto






Work Description
Title: Kemang Apartment
Location : Kemang, Jakarta, Indonesia
Status : Proposal Project
Year : 2004
Office : Andra Matin Architects, Jakarta, Indonesia
Team : Andra Matin (Principal), Sigit Kusumawijaya (Project Architect), Heddy Poernomo (Model Maker)
Achievement:
* Presented on Belajar Desain [Design Learning] Gathering #02, 1 October 2004

Tuesday, December 02, 2008

Konflik di antara Teori-teori Kritis Arsitektur [Final Writing for Bachelor Course, 2003]


This writing is not the full version of the assignment, only Abstract and Summary Chapter are showed.


ABSTRAK

Teori adalah kekuatan. Ia merupakan sebuah pernyataan yang dikeluarkan oleh seseorang untuk membuktikan keeksistensiannya, kepeduliannya sebagai salah satu komponen di dalam lingkungan kehidupannya. Dengan menggunakan kekuatannya, teori dapat merubah segala sesuatu: gerakan, kebudayaan, peradaban manusia dan lingkungan di sekitarnya. Dengan menggunakan kekuatannya pula, ia dapat menimbulkan perdebatan dan pertentangan di antara dua pihak yang berbeda pandangan.

Konflik-konflik yang terjadi di antara teori-teori disebabkan oleh perbedaan argumen-argumen masing-masing pihak yang saling mempertahankan pendapat-pendapatnya. Fenomena saling menggugat, menentang, memperdebatkan di antara ahli teori kritis maupun pendukung teori-teori itu sendiri sudah banyak terjadi di segala disiplin ilmu pengetahuan.

Arsitektur yang termasuk salah satu di antaranya tidak hanya berupa sebuah disiplin ilmu yang cenderung berpraktik ke arah teknis, namun ia juga berupa ilmu pengetahuan yang membutuhkan pernyataan-pernyataan, teori-teori bahkan manifesto-manifesto yang membantu dalam hal perancangan objek-objek yang dihasilkan baik itu bangunan maupun pengaruhnya terhadap lingkungan sekitarnya termasuk manusia itu sendiri.

Konflik di antara teori kritis arsitektur pun sering kali muncul dalam bentuk wacana-wacana yang kemudian berpengaruh dalam kehidupan dan kebudayaan masyarakat secara global pada umumnya dan juga berpengaruh pada gaya dan bentuk perancangan bangunan arsitektural khususnya.


KESIMPULAN

Everything always change. Segala sesuatu senantiasa berubah. Tidak ada yang konstan di dunia ini. Segala sesuatu terperangkap oleh dimensi ruang dan waktu. Dan semua yang ada di dalamnya akan selalu bergerak dan berubah seiring dengan jalannya waktu. Demikian halnya manusia: kebudayaannya, peradabannya dan lingkungan sekitarnya senantiasa berubah baik secara fisik maupun non-fisik.

Teori, yang merupakan pernyataan yang dikeluarkan manusia untuk menunjukkan keeksistensiannya yang harus disertai bukti maupun pengakuan dari orang dan kelompok lain, juga dapat berubah dalam hal pengaruh dan kekuatannya. Teori lama yang sudah tidak dapat dipraktikkan di jaman itu akan ditentang oleh penggagas teori baru yang lebih sesuai akan jaman tersebut. Teori dalam setiap cabang ilmu pengetahuan secara sederhana merupakan sebuah penilaian kritik darinya dan juga berfungsi sebagai ilmu pengetahuan juga. Sebuah teori dianggap berhasil jika teori tersebut sederhana namun mempunyai kekuatan yang universal tentang kehidupan dunia secara keseluruhan dan bagaimana teori tersebut bekerja yang dapat membuat kita mampu memprediksi hasilnya di masa depan secara akurat. Sebuah teori tidak dapat dibuktikan kebenarannya namun teori akan tetap berdiri sampai ia terbukti salah. Teori dianggap relevan jika ia mengarah pada isu akan fenomena kebiasaan-kebiasaan masyarakat.

Konflik akan teori merupakan fenomena yang sering terjadi dalam kehidupan yang bersifat akademis. Sebuah teori yang baru pertama kali ditelurkan, ada saatnya dipertanyakan, diperdebatkan bahkan ditentang oleh baik itu pendukung teori yang lama maupun dari kalangan ahli teori lainnya yang mungkin bersikap netral. Teori akan dianggap sahih dan berlaku jika ia dapat diterapkan dalam kehidupan manusia pada saat teori tersebut lahir. Untuk meyakinkan publik akan kesahihan sebuah teori yang baru muncul, teori baru tersebut harus mempunyai kekuatan yang lebih dan argumen-argumen yang kuat untuk menentang, mengalahkan bahkan menghancurkan argumen-argumen teori yang lama. Di sini sering terjadi polemik dan konflik yang cukup sengit di antara para ahli teori kritis, ilmuwan, saintis dan kalangan yang berkepentingan lainnya baik dari pihak yang mempertahankan teori yang lama maupun dari pihak yang mendukung teori yang baru.

Dalam beberapa dekade ini perkembangan akan teori kritis semakin meningkat, bahkan di antaranya banyak menimbulkan konflik dan polemik yang juga mempengaruhi peradaban manusia secara global. Motivasi dari pesatnya perkembangan teori-teori tadi dapat ditelusuri kembali jejaknya tepatnya ketika pengaruh-pengaruh Marxisme makin meningkat. Karl Marx dan pengikut-pengikutnya mewariskan kita sebuah rangkuman dari keseluruhan teori atau disebut ‘grand narrative’ yang secara umum lebih berhubungan dengan keadaan masa kini—jauh setelah teori Marx itu sendiri lahir. Darinya kita dapat menganalisis dan membentuk nilai-nilai argumen dari semua fenomena kultur: literatur, seni, musik, sistem politik, olahraga, hubungan ras dan lain sebagainya.

Setelah Marxisme, banyak gerakan-gerakan lain yang muncul yang juga cukup memberikan pengaruh besar bagi manusia dan kebudayaannya seperti Psikoanalisis, Strukturalisme, Postrukturalisme, Posmodernisme, Dekonstruktivisme, Postcolonialism, Anti-Colonialism dan lainnya yang masih berkembang hingga saat ini. Masing-masing gerakan tersebut menghasilkan mahakarya-mahakarya teoretis yang bertujuan untuk memberikan pengaruhnya kepada publik.

Fenomena saling menggugat, menentang, memperdebatkan di antara kalangan ahli teori maupun pendukung teori-teori itu sendiri sudah banyak terjadi di segala disiplin ilmu pengetahuan. Arsitektur yang termasuk salah satu di antaranya tidak hanya berupa sebuah disiplin ilmu yang cenderung berpraktik ke arah teknis. Arsitektur juga merupakan salah satu disiplin ilmu pengetahuan yang membutuhkan pernyataan-pernyataan, teori-teori bahkan manifesto-manifesto yang membantunya baik dalam hal merancang bangunan maupun mempengaruhi lingkungan di sekitarnya termasuk manusia itu sendiri.

Teori arsitektur sekarang ini dianggap sebagai sebuah penjelasan dari prakonsepsi-prakonsepsi, aspek-aspek sosio-historis, otoritas dan nilai-nilai yang tertanam di dalam arsitektur, dimana peran teori adalah sebagai ‘a mediating practice’ atau sebuah praktik untuk menengahi konflik-konflik itu sendiri. Dan sebuah teori kritis arsitektur harus mempunyai cakupan yang luas akan pengertiannya terhadap kondisi masa lalu dan masa sekarang.

Jadi jelas bahwa perdebatan dan pertentangan mengenai teori kritis arsitektur sekarang ini selain membahas mengenai arsitektur juga telah mencakup hal-hal di luar arsitektur yang berhubungan dengan arsitektur itu sendiri, khususnya yang berhubungan dengan manusia dan budayanya. Namun secara tradisional wacana dari perdebatan dan pertentangan tentang arsitektur telah meluas dan kebanyakan sampai sekarang masih merupakan sebuah wacana akan bentuk dari rancangan arsitektur tersebut. Secara umum wacana-wacana tersebut masih didominasi oleh perdebatan dan pertentangan mengenai masalah-masalah seputar gaya dari desain arsitektur.

Namun alasan-alasan dan tujuan-tujuan utama lahirnya teori-teori kritis yang baru termasuk dalam bidang arsitektur adalah bukan untuk meruntuhkan otoritas teori-teori yang dikritik, namun lebih bertujuan untuk memperkuat kembali landasan pemikiran teori yang dikritik tersebut dengan cara mengekspos kelemahan argumen-argumennya. Selain itu teori-teori kritis muncul dengan tujuan untuk menengahi konflik yang sedang terjadi pada saat ia dilahirkan. Di sisi sebaliknya, kebanyakan kritik-kritik saat ini condong beroperasi dalam mode magpie atau cenderung omong kosong belaka, yang hanya berupa pendekatan personal mereka sendiri. Dalam dunia teori sekarang ini, teori lebih banyak diciptakan untuk keperluan pasar konsumer.
Selebihnya secara garis besar juga disimpulkan bahwa, aspek-aspek yang dapat menimbulkan konflik dan polemik di antara teori-teori kritis khususnya dalam bidang arsitektur adalah kevakuman kondisi, ketidak-adilan kaum yang lebih berkuasa, hegemoni, dogma, politik, maupun gerakan-gerakan baru yang mencoba muncul untuk menawarkan solusi pemecahannya.

Jika melihat pertentangan-pertentangan tersebut, ini semua kembali kepada dualisme sifat dari segala sesuatu yang ada di dunia ini. Dualisme sifat yang saling bertentangan inilah yang kadang-kadang menimbulkan konflik di antara keduanya. Namun tidak diragukan lagi bahwa keduanya pun saling membutuhkan untuk menjaga keseimbangan alam yang terdapat di dalam kehidupan yang dibatasi oleh ruang dan waktu. Dalam bahasan disini, dualisme yang terjadi dapat digolongkan masing-masing ke dalam dua buah kelompok, dimana kelompok yang pertama merupakan kelompok yang mempunyai kekuatan lebih dibanding kelompok yang kedua. Konflik di antara dualisme dalam bahasan ini dapat dilihat dari konflik antara capitalist dengan socialist, authority (power) dengan freedom, global dengan local, inhuman dengan human serta government dengan citizen (society).

Capitalist, authority (power), global, inhuman dan government dapat digolongkan dalam kelompok yang mempunyai kekuatan lebih dan punya kecenderungan untuk menguasai dan menindas kelompok socialist, freedom, local, human dan citizen (society). Namun kelompok yang kedua pun bukan berarti tidak mempunyai kekuatan sama sekali, kelompok ini tetap berusaha bertahan dan terkadang balik menyerang untuk tetap menjaga keseimbangan alam tersebut,  namun ia tidak mempunyai kecenderungan untuk beraksi lebih dahulu terhadap kelompok lainnya, sebaliknya ia lebih cenderung bereaksi—seperti hukum alam: action-reaction, cause-effect.

Kesemuanya ini pada akhirnya dapat ditarik benang merahnya bahwa, semuanya berawal dan berakhir pada manusia itu sendiri. Dengan perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi pada kebudayaan dan peradabannya, manusia mencoba untuk mencari hidup yang lebih baik bagi dirinya maupun lingkungan sekitarnya yang terkadang menggunakan segala macam cara. Dan bahkan manusia mencoba untuk mengajukan opsi lain yaitu dengan menggunakan kekuatan dari sebuah teori, yang merupakan hasil dari statement yang dikeluarkannya, untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidupnya. Namun lepas dari semua itu, terbukti bahwa ‘Theory is Power’.



Depok, December 2003



Sigit Kusumawijaya



This paper is submitted to the Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia for fulfillment of the degree Bachelor of Architecture under the course Final Writing.
Supervisor: Ir. Antony Sihombing MPD.